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Natural Resources and Ecological Conditions
Forest Resources
According to the legislation public management in the field of utilization and protection of the forest resources and reproduction of woods in the territory of the republic is accomplished. Total area of the the state wood fund land makes 14,8 million hectares, the general stock of trees is 943,02 million cubic meters, of which 424,20 million cubic meters of mature and overmature forest, including 375,09 million cubic meters of coniferous forest. Middle age of trees of coniferous breeds makes 70 years, and 43 years regarding deciduous breeds.
The primary goal in the field of forest exploitation is maintenance of rational continuous and effective utilization of wood resources. In 2004 estimated wood-cutting area in the republic made 8939,4 thousand cubic meters. In comparison with 2003 estimated wood-cutting area has 270,3 thousand cubic meters decreased as a result of commissioning new materials of forest management by a number of timber enterprises. It has been distributed 7452,6 thousand cubic meters of resources of the wood-cutting area fund (83.4% of approved estimated wood-cutting area). The total amount of wood distribution under logging tickets to the forest exploitators has made 6567,8 thousand cubic meters or 73% of the established estimated wood-cutting area. It has been actually logged 7058 thousand cubic meters. Estimated wood-cutting area has been mastered at the level of 2003.
With the purpose of increasing forest exploitation efficiency in the republic in 2004 transfer of wood fund areas to long-term rent on competition proceeded. All applications submitted were considered by the commission carrying out wood competitions.
In 2004 new membership of the commission carrying out of wood competitions and the commission considering aspects of forest exploitation in the Republic of Karelia in the view of mutual interests of federal and republican authorities in the sphere of forest exploitation have been approved. New conditions of transfer on competition of wood fund areas for the cultural, improving, tourist and sports purposes have been accepted.
136 contracts of rent of wood fund areas operate, 78 of them are contracts on conditions of competitive rent, wood fund areas with the established annual forest exploitation in the volume 6,2 million cubic meters are handed over for rent, that makes about 70% of estimated wood-cutting area. In 2005 work on delivering wood resources for long-term rent will be completed.
In 2004 66 auctions have been held, 170,6 thousand cubic meters of tomber which cost has made 34,9 million rbls. has been sold. The federal budget has received 8,1 million rbl., and the budget of republic has received 26,8 million rbl. Cost of one depersonalized cubic metre of wood has made 204.7 rbl. that exceeds the minimal rates wood taxation 4,3 times.
During realization of the program of "Wood of Russia" and "Wood of Karelia" in 2004 most of reafforestation and forestry works in the territory of the republic have been executed. Reafforestation has been accomplished on the area of 22,5 thousand hectares (102,3% to the plan), including crop and planting of wood on the area of 10,6 thousand hectares (101,2%), cleaning cuttings in young woods have been executed on the area of 22,2 thousand hectares (101%).
With a view of improvement of reafforestation quality and improvement of the wood fund condition the following actions have been held:
- tree surgery at the plan of 29,0 thousand hectares has been accomplished on the area of 20,2 thousand hectares;
- addition of trees at the plan of 6,7 thousand hectares has been accomplished on the area of 6,9 thousand hectares.
1596 hectares of tree seedling with the improved hereditary properties have been created. Forest culture works of 2004 have been provided by seed grains and planting stock in full.
Forestry expenses in 2004 have made 659,4 million rbl., including 90,0 million rbl. of the federal budget, 31,0 million rbl. of the budget of the RK, and- 513,0 million rbl. of unappropriated sources.
During preparation for a fire-dangerous season of 2004 necessary organizational and technical actions, all planned targets of restrictive fire-prevention actions have been executed. 1770 km of mineralized strips at the plan of 1700 km have been made. Care of of 3586 km of mineralized strips at the plan of 3560 km has been executed. During the fire-dangerous season of 2004 in the republic there were 137 forest fires (564 in 2003) on the area of 388 hectares. The damage of forest fires has made over 13 million rbl.
Reproduction of the Source of Minerals and Raw Materials
Reproduction of the source of minerals and raw materials is both a basis for current functioning of the mining complex of the republic, and a guarantee of normal ability to live for future generations.
Source of minerals and raw materials of Karelia include the following kinds of minerals: fuel and energy raw material (uranium, peat), ferrous metals (iron and chromic ores), non-ferrous and rare metals (nickel, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, tin, etc.), precious metals (gold and metals of platinum group), nonmetallic minerals (diamonds, graphite, muscovite, riebeckite-asbestos, talc and talc stone, feldspar raw materials, quartz, schungite rocks, quartzite, dolomite, kyanite, sulfur ores, petrurgical raw material, building stones, sandy-gravel materials, clay, etc.). As of 1/1/2005 source of minerals and raw materials of the RK includes 290 reconnoitered deposits of 26 kinds of firm minerals with stocks considered by balance, and over 400 perspective manifestations; 378 peat deposits; 13 deposits of underground household and drinking water and 2 deposits of mineral water, etc. Of the minerals listed above the folowing are being developed: iron ores, feldspar raw material and quartz, schungite, petrurgical raw material, extraction of medical dirts and mineral waters is accomplished, deposits of underground waters and building materials are maintained.
In 2004 total amount of means alotted due to all sources of financing on geological studying and reproduction of the source of minerals and raw materials in Karelia has made 186,9 million rbl. (131% to the level of 2003), including 44,9 million rbls from the federal budget, 12,2 million rbl. from the budget of the RK. The volume of the means alotted by users of the interior of the Earth for specified purposes having made 129,8 million rbl. (1,8 times growth to the level of 2003) increased considerably.
Within the framework of reproduction of the source of minerals and raw materials in 2004 works on the whole spectrum of subprograms have been accomplished: "Iron ores of Karelia", "Chromites of Karelia", "Gold of Karelia"; resources of uranium have been estimated on a number of sites; in the Northwest Ladoga lakeside forecasted resources of diamonds have been estimated; search works on quartz and feldspar have been accomplished; prospecting works with approval of stocks deposits of facing stone (7,7 million cubic meters) and building stone for rubble (257,8 million cubic meters) etc. have been completed. Planned targets on a gain of stocks and forecasted resources at accomplishing prospecting works have been executed.
Last year the budget of the RK provided 12235 thousand rbls. within the framework of the subprogram "Geological Studying of Bowels and Reproduction of the Source of Minerals and Raw Materials of Karelia" to perform works on search of gold, search and estimation of quartz veins, search and investigation of deposits of feldspar in Louhi district with the purpose of strengthening the source of minerals and raw materials of Chupinsky Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise, 15 deposits of block stone and 8 deposits of building stone for manufacture of rubble in various districts of the republic have been reconnoitered. Stocks of underground waters for water supply of settlements of Karelia have been reconnoitered as well, monitoring of underground waters in the republic and some other are being accomplished.
As a result of measures taken in the sphere of geological studying of bowels and reproduction of the source of minerals and raw materials of Karelia the used fund of bowels continues to extend. On 1/1/2005 586 licenses were valid including: 452 licenses for widely current minerals, 50 licenses for non-widely current minerals and 84 licenses for extraction of underground waters from single chinks. In 2004 129 licenses have been issued.
Due to changes occured in the current legislation last year revision of the Agreement concluded between the Government of the RK and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation is necessary. Further actions of the Government of the RK in this sphere will be developed after accepting the new law on bowels.
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